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The RES Monitor database
contains information about
barriers and best practice
for Wind and Solar projects
in Europe

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Barriers
Best Practices
Photovoltaics
Wind turbines
Choose the country [A-Z]
AT.

Austria

BE.

Belgium

BG.

Bulgaria

HR.

Croatia

CY.

Cyprus

CZ.

Czech Republic

DK.

Denmark

EE.

Estonia

FI.

Finland

FR.

France

DE.

Germany

GR.

Greece

HU.

Hungary

IE.

Ireland

IT.

Italy

LV.

Latvia

LT.

Lithuania

LU.

Luxembourg

MT.

Malta

NL.

Netherlands

PL.

Poland

PT.

Portugal

RO.

Romania

SK.

Slovakia

SI.

Slovenia

ES.

Spain

SE.

Sweden

CH.

Switzerland

GB.

United Kingdom

Barrier Index

The barrier index indicates the degree of gravity of identified barriers per country and topic. It is calculated based on the maximum of assessed severity and spread values for all affected technologies. Please refer to the methodology for more detailed information.

Value Description
No barriers identified
1.0 - 2.0 Minimal effects
2.0 - 3.0 Minor effects
3.0 - 4.0 Moderate effects
4.0 - 5.0 substantial effects
5.0 Severe effects
Barrier index
AT
BE
BG
HR
CY
CZ
DK
EE
FI
FR
DE
GR
HU
IE
IT
LV
LT
LU
MT
NL
PL
PT
RO
SK
SI
ES
SE
CH
GB
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESSES
Complexity and transparency of administrative procedure 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 3.5 4.5 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 4.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
Conflicts with third parties (public opposition, NGOs and environmental groups) 4.0 4.0 2.5 3.5 2.5 4.0 2.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 4.5 2.0 2.5 3.5 4.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 1.0 4.5
Corporate & fiscal issues (incl. Mandatory memberships) 3.0 3.0
Cost of administrative procedure 3.5 3.5 2.5 3.5 4.0
Duration of administrative procedure 4.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.5 3.5 4.0 4.5 3.0 3.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.5
Integration of RES in spatial and environmental planning 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 2.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.5 5.0 3.0 5.0 4.0 4.5 4.0 4.0 4.0
CROSS-CUTTING CATEGORIES
Clean flexibility options 4.0 2.5 1.0 3.0 2.5
Digitalization
Impact of Covid-19 2.5 3.5 2.5
New business models 3.5 4.0
Relevant for RES communities & cooperatives 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 3.0 1.5 2.0 3.5
GRID REGULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Cost of RES grid access 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.0 3.0 3.5 3.0 2.0 2.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 2.0 4.0
Cross-border grid issues 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.0
Duration of RES grid access 2.5 4.0 3.0 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.5
Lack of flexibility options
Lack of infrastructure and infrastructure development 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.5 4.0 3.5 2.5 3.0 3.5
Predictability / transparency of connection procedure 4.0 3.5 4.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.0 4.5 4.5 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 2.5 4.0 3.0
Transparent and foreseeable grid development 2.5 3.0 3.0 1.5 3.5 5.0 3.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.5
Treatment of RES dispatch (curtailment) 4.0 3.0 1.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 2.5 4.0 3.5
MARKETS
Access to finance 2.5 3.5 3.5 2.0 4.0 4.0
Availability of reliable long term contracts (PPA) 2.0 4.0 1.0
Dominance of conventional retailers and energy utilities 3.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 4.5
Existence of functioning and non-discriminatory short-term markets for RES 3.5 3.5 2.5 3.5
Fair and independent regulation of the RES sector 3.0 3.5 1.5 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.0 4.0 3.5 3.0 3.0
Lack of resources for economic reasons
Self-consumption issues (inclusive smart meters) 3.5 3.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 4.0
OTHER
Certification 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.5
Information exchange / communication between relevant stakeholders 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.0
Lack of resources for natural reasons 3.5 4.0 3.0
Operational issues 4.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 2.0 2.0
Public perception of RES and lack of information 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 4.5 2.0 3.5 4.0 2.0 3.5 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 2.5 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.5 4.0
Statistics 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0
Taxing regime 3.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 4.5 3.5 4.5 2.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.5
Training and work force 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 3.0
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK
EU legislation 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.5 4.0
Existence of applicable RES / climate strategy 3.5 4.0 4.0 3.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 3.5 4.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.0
Existence of RES support scheme 3.0 4.5 4.0 2.0 4.0 3.5 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.5 2.0
Reliability of general RES / climate strategy 3.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.0 4.0 4.5 3.0 4.0 3.5
Reliability of RES support scheme 3.5 2.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5
Remuneration level for RES 3.0 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 3.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 3.5 1.5
Revenue risk under given support scheme 3.0 4.5 3.0 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 2.5 4.0

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